Re-organization and Layoff Team Discussion & Summary Essay

Mismanaged layoffs can go ‘horribly wrong.’ The effect of mismanaged LAYOFFs on the remaining workforce and the effects, lack of management preparation, the human condition, and lack of mitigation strategies. We think that the problem with this article is that not enough managers or HR personal, know how to let a person go from their employment effectively. They sometimes don’t realize the impact that it has on the other employees morals. Also, that sometimes companies don’t take a closer look to make sure downsizing will be the answer to cutting costs like they think that it will. Every HR or manager should be let go in their lifetime so that they know what it feels like. I believe that this statement holds tremendous merit because the best lessons in life are learned through personal experience. In order to adequately communicate life changing messages of sorts, it should be done by a seasoned manager. I will be very surprised if any company has a potential layoff learning path that will coach and train the management staff for these kinds of things. It is imperative to be sensitive to the individual being laid off as this will impact their livelihood significantly. I do agree that other options much is explored such as relocating or wage cuts before making the decision to lay off people. The Problem Layoffs create uncertainty in the workforce causing loss of productivity in remaining the remaining workforce. The article addresses that a manager’s approach is paramount; we don’t disagree with this sentiment, but I don’t see it as a large of an issue as the author of the article. If a company is at a point where they are laying off employees, all other options should have been exhausted. The author writes the article from the position that managers don’t know how manage and that layoff are ineffective. I agree layoffs are not useful, but an amount of respect or approach refinement is  going to make the loss of income any easier; I compare that to putting lipstick on a pig. Trying to make a bad situation easier is often more disrespectful than being direct. Firing is something that is done privately and should be kept confident between the manager and the employee being let go. If a manager is letting, someone go for the right reasons the example should be evident to the employees as cause and effect; being held accountable for their actions. If the Manager is abusing their hiring/firing authority that would affect employee morale; forced silence, uncertainty, etc. Problem Solutions The options that were covered in the group discussion I feel very informative. When it comes to releasing someone, whether it is a termination or a layoff, it was discussed if training for those types of situations would be suitable, or if one could even prepare to carry out something of that delicate nature. You can train someone how to do anything, but that does not necessarily mean it will be conducted in the manner it was taught. I think it all highly depends on the situation and the individual who is delivering the news to the employee. The author’s best point is one of the best solutions; transparency. Managers should allow people the autonomy of reacting, working through, and coping with a layoff in their own way. Transparency is the most respectful approach that management can take as it shows them the truth of the situation and explains the steps being taken and why. I would add rather than trying to find another position within the company as suggested (the company is already struggling!?) they could offer employment assistance to other enterprises; communicate with other organizations in the same industry to identify openings that people would fit into well. They could put together a communications package that shows them what benefits are available, assistance programs, etc.

Operation Management

agement AEREN FOUNDATION’S Maharashtra Govt. Reg. No. : F-11724 [pic] SUBJECT : OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Total Marks : 80 CASE-1 (16 Marks) Bloomsday Outfitters produces T-shirts for road races. They need to acquire some new stamping machines to produce 30,000 good T-shirts per month. Their plant operates 200 hours per month, but the new machines will be used for T-shirts only 60 percent of the time and the output usually includes 5 percent that are â€Å"seconds† and unusable. The stamping operation takes 1 minute per T-shirt, and the stamping machines are expected to have 90 percent efficiency considering adjustments, changeover of patterns, and unavoidable downtime. How many stamping machines are required? CASE-2 (16 Marks) In the table given below the Distribution Manager is expected to service these DCs as per the demands placed. If the actual sales after completing week one is as follows, what would be the quantities that would need amendment as far as Distribution Manager is concerned to service for week two and onwards? After week one the actual sales to Forecasted sales for week one ratio is as under: Mumbai did 80 % of forecast , Lucknow did 75 % of forecast Kolkata did 60 % of week one forecast Chennai did 125 % of forecast and Delhi did 150 % of week one forecast [pic] Note : Kolkata will receive transit stocks in week 2 . CASE-3 (16 Marks) After working for 30 years, Ramjee Somjee Dutt opted for VRS and started a courier company and did very well in the first four years. He was now looking for expansion of his business and decided to venture into Road transportation business between Chennai and Mumbai and Mumbai and Delhi as he felt that he could do well on this line. However before taking a final decision he hires your Management Consultant firm formed by yourself. He has requested you to work out the Price to quote his clients for these two routes considering the costs involved. He expects to earn a minimum profit of Rs 1000 per day per truck after meeting all expenses. Your analysis of market conditions tell you the following: Vehicle cost Rs 7 lacs Depreciation 15 % Maintenance costs per day Rs 150 Drivers monthly Salary Rs 5000 : Attendants monthly salary Rs 3000 . Misc expenses Rs 200 per day. Driver allowance is Rs 125 per day and attendant gets Rs 75. Diesel cost per liter is Rs 25 and the vehicle gives an average mileage of 4 km to a liter. The Financial institutions offer loans at 10 % interest pa, which Ramjee has been negotiating. It has been observed that on an average the vehicle covers 400 km per day. The distance between Mumbai to Delhi is 1500 km and Mumbai to Chennai is 1350 km. The driver gets rest day in Mumbai only for one day after they return from any trip. CASE-4 (16 Marks) A company is operating in two unrelated businesses. The first one is making common salt, which is sold in one-kilogram consumer packs. The second business is making readymade garments. The owner of the businesses has decided to implement Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) in one of the two businesses, which is likely to give him greater benefit. Assuming that the current turnover and profits of both the units are comparable, compare the relative benefits and limitations of Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) for these two businesses. CASE-5 (16 Marks) A Manufacturer of motorcycles buys spark plugs at Rs. 15 each. Now he wishes to manufacture the plugs in his own factory. The estimated cost for the manufacture of spark plugs is around Rs. 50,000=00 and the variable cost comes to Rs. 5 per spark plug. The Production Manager advises the Manufacturer that the factory should go for manufacturing instead of procuring them from the open market. List out reasons for the decision of the Production Manager backed up by the necessary data. ———————– AN ISO 9001 : 2008 CERTIFIED INTERNATIONAL B-SCHOOL Operation Management agement AEREN FOUNDATION’S Maharashtra Govt. Reg. No. : F-11724 [pic] SUBJECT : OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Total Marks : 80 CASE-1 (16 Marks) Bloomsday Outfitters produces T-shirts for road races. They need to acquire some new stamping machines to produce 30,000 good T-shirts per month. Their plant operates 200 hours per month, but the new machines will be used for T-shirts only 60 percent of the time and the output usually includes 5 percent that are â€Å"seconds† and unusable. The stamping operation takes 1 minute per T-shirt, and the stamping machines are expected to have 90 percent efficiency considering adjustments, changeover of patterns, and unavoidable downtime. How many stamping machines are required? CASE-2 (16 Marks) In the table given below the Distribution Manager is expected to service these DCs as per the demands placed. If the actual sales after completing week one is as follows, what would be the quantities that would need amendment as far as Distribution Manager is concerned to service for week two and onwards? After week one the actual sales to Forecasted sales for week one ratio is as under: Mumbai did 80 % of forecast , Lucknow did 75 % of forecast Kolkata did 60 % of week one forecast Chennai did 125 % of forecast and Delhi did 150 % of week one forecast [pic] Note : Kolkata will receive transit stocks in week 2 . CASE-3 (16 Marks) After working for 30 years, Ramjee Somjee Dutt opted for VRS and started a courier company and did very well in the first four years. He was now looking for expansion of his business and decided to venture into Road transportation business between Chennai and Mumbai and Mumbai and Delhi as he felt that he could do well on this line. However before taking a final decision he hires your Management Consultant firm formed by yourself. He has requested you to work out the Price to quote his clients for these two routes considering the costs involved. He expects to earn a minimum profit of Rs 1000 per day per truck after meeting all expenses. Your analysis of market conditions tell you the following: Vehicle cost Rs 7 lacs Depreciation 15 % Maintenance costs per day Rs 150 Drivers monthly Salary Rs 5000 : Attendants monthly salary Rs 3000 . Misc expenses Rs 200 per day. Driver allowance is Rs 125 per day and attendant gets Rs 75. Diesel cost per liter is Rs 25 and the vehicle gives an average mileage of 4 km to a liter. The Financial institutions offer loans at 10 % interest pa, which Ramjee has been negotiating. It has been observed that on an average the vehicle covers 400 km per day. The distance between Mumbai to Delhi is 1500 km and Mumbai to Chennai is 1350 km. The driver gets rest day in Mumbai only for one day after they return from any trip. CASE-4 (16 Marks) A company is operating in two unrelated businesses. The first one is making common salt, which is sold in one-kilogram consumer packs. The second business is making readymade garments. The owner of the businesses has decided to implement Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) in one of the two businesses, which is likely to give him greater benefit. Assuming that the current turnover and profits of both the units are comparable, compare the relative benefits and limitations of Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) for these two businesses. CASE-5 (16 Marks) A Manufacturer of motorcycles buys spark plugs at Rs. 15 each. Now he wishes to manufacture the plugs in his own factory. The estimated cost for the manufacture of spark plugs is around Rs. 50,000=00 and the variable cost comes to Rs. 5 per spark plug. The Production Manager advises the Manufacturer that the factory should go for manufacturing instead of procuring them from the open market. List out reasons for the decision of the Production Manager backed up by the necessary data. ———————– AN ISO 9001 : 2008 CERTIFIED INTERNATIONAL B-SCHOOL Operation Management agement AEREN FOUNDATION’S Maharashtra Govt. Reg. No. : F-11724 [pic] SUBJECT : OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Total Marks : 80 CASE-1 (16 Marks) Bloomsday Outfitters produces T-shirts for road races. They need to acquire some new stamping machines to produce 30,000 good T-shirts per month. Their plant operates 200 hours per month, but the new machines will be used for T-shirts only 60 percent of the time and the output usually includes 5 percent that are â€Å"seconds† and unusable. The stamping operation takes 1 minute per T-shirt, and the stamping machines are expected to have 90 percent efficiency considering adjustments, changeover of patterns, and unavoidable downtime. How many stamping machines are required? CASE-2 (16 Marks) In the table given below the Distribution Manager is expected to service these DCs as per the demands placed. If the actual sales after completing week one is as follows, what would be the quantities that would need amendment as far as Distribution Manager is concerned to service for week two and onwards? After week one the actual sales to Forecasted sales for week one ratio is as under: Mumbai did 80 % of forecast , Lucknow did 75 % of forecast Kolkata did 60 % of week one forecast Chennai did 125 % of forecast and Delhi did 150 % of week one forecast [pic] Note : Kolkata will receive transit stocks in week 2 . CASE-3 (16 Marks) After working for 30 years, Ramjee Somjee Dutt opted for VRS and started a courier company and did very well in the first four years. He was now looking for expansion of his business and decided to venture into Road transportation business between Chennai and Mumbai and Mumbai and Delhi as he felt that he could do well on this line. However before taking a final decision he hires your Management Consultant firm formed by yourself. He has requested you to work out the Price to quote his clients for these two routes considering the costs involved. He expects to earn a minimum profit of Rs 1000 per day per truck after meeting all expenses. Your analysis of market conditions tell you the following: Vehicle cost Rs 7 lacs Depreciation 15 % Maintenance costs per day Rs 150 Drivers monthly Salary Rs 5000 : Attendants monthly salary Rs 3000 . Misc expenses Rs 200 per day. Driver allowance is Rs 125 per day and attendant gets Rs 75. Diesel cost per liter is Rs 25 and the vehicle gives an average mileage of 4 km to a liter. The Financial institutions offer loans at 10 % interest pa, which Ramjee has been negotiating. It has been observed that on an average the vehicle covers 400 km per day. The distance between Mumbai to Delhi is 1500 km and Mumbai to Chennai is 1350 km. The driver gets rest day in Mumbai only for one day after they return from any trip. CASE-4 (16 Marks) A company is operating in two unrelated businesses. The first one is making common salt, which is sold in one-kilogram consumer packs. The second business is making readymade garments. The owner of the businesses has decided to implement Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) in one of the two businesses, which is likely to give him greater benefit. Assuming that the current turnover and profits of both the units are comparable, compare the relative benefits and limitations of Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) for these two businesses. CASE-5 (16 Marks) A Manufacturer of motorcycles buys spark plugs at Rs. 15 each. Now he wishes to manufacture the plugs in his own factory. The estimated cost for the manufacture of spark plugs is around Rs. 50,000=00 and the variable cost comes to Rs. 5 per spark plug. The Production Manager advises the Manufacturer that the factory should go for manufacturing instead of procuring them from the open market. List out reasons for the decision of the Production Manager backed up by the necessary data. ———————– AN ISO 9001 : 2008 CERTIFIED INTERNATIONAL B-SCHOOL

A Study of the Gilded Age Essay - 2260 Words

A Study of Social and Economic Aspects of the Gilded Age Henry James and Abraham Cahan lived in the turn of the twentieth century, where social and economic corruptions were gilded by the extreme wealth of the few. This period also marked the beginning of a distinction between the European and American culture. Both authors artistically create in their stories the tragedy and drama of Americans in Europe and Europeans in America. James lived comfortably in both America and Europe, and it showed in his work Daisy Miller: A Study in which he creates a fairy tale land full of extravagant hotels, beautiful sceneries, sparkly blue lakes and well dressed people. Cahan was an immigrant living during the time of mass Americanization of†¦show more content†¦James described Veney as for the entertainment of tourists is the business of the place (James 1501) from the beginning James hints the way American foreigners are perceived does not fit with the outer appearances of Veney. It is a place for the entertainment of the tourists but Daisy and her family, who are tourists, but they are not allowed much entertainment, for everything they did, they get criticized for. When Randolp describes his new home in Rome he says its all gold on the wall (James 1520), since James was a writer during the Gilded Age, it was a way to describe the Miller family. On the outside the Miller looked like they would fit into the social circles because they are wealthy and dresses extremely well. However, their wealth gilds the fact that they are dislike by other Americans. Through this James presented the double standard a society has; society looks down upon the poor folks, but the Millers are still looked down upon because of how they earn their wealth, which is one of the reasons Mrs. Costello used to reject Daisy. It implies James own dislike for the European Americans social circle. James displays his aversion and the hypocrisy of the European Americans social circle. He describe s Mrs. Walker as one of those American ladies who while residing abroad make it a point, in their own phase, of studying European society (James 1528), the social circle thought they are doing what was right or courteous byShow MoreRelatedTransformation Of Urban Life During The Gilded Age And The Development Of Suburbs1423 Words   |  6 PagesTopic 3: The Transformation of Urban Life in the Gilded Age and the Development of Suburbs for the American Middle Classes This historical study will define the increased economy prosperity of the Gilded Age and the development of suburban planning in the American middle classes. 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National wealth increased dramatically but their was a problem for the poor and the farmers of the U.S. People may say that the Gilded Age was the era of corruption, harsh labor and brutal industrial competition, but others think that the Gilded Age isRead MoreThe Great Impact On Intellectual And Artistic Endeavors And Theses Ideas Essay1262 Words   |  6 Pagesare many important events that occurred during the Gilded Age. This age was birthed at a time following the Civil War, around the Reconstruction Era and it would continue to rise until its last breath before the dawn of the Progressive Era . It is the age that brought us Mark Twain and Huckleberry Fin, yet it is almost a forgotten era as the time periods before and after absorbs all the glory . Even though Mark Twain coined the name, â€Å"the Gilded Age,† it may be easier to remember the Industrial RevolutionRead MoreA Gilded Age : A Gilded Age1055 Words   |  5 Pagesthe time 1870-1900 yes,it was a gilded age. Because the rich lived good without any problems and the truth is deeper in because the poor were getting worser. And thats what gilded was like covered thinly with gold but rusty on the inside. But it was important in society because the political and the showing of wealth were so good but on the other side the poor were really bad. The workers are the ones that had terrible lives. The 20th Century was a Gilded age. For example the worst jobs wereRead MoreFreedom During The Gilded Age922 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom during the Gilded Age The meaning of freedom for black Americans have changed over time, during the Gilded Age Blacks’ definition of freedom was defined as a new â€Å"social order† still driven at the hope of an American society breaking free from the anti-democratic restraints imposed by a corrupt government. This concept of freedom changed when WWII and the 1960’s Conservative Revolution started ,allowing blacks to reap the benefits of social, political and economic prosperities by having theRead MoreWorkers of the Progressive Era1047 Words   |  5 PagesProgressive Era: Working Class Workers during the gilded age were marginalized by their working conditions, low income, and limited working hours. To overcome the marginalization for the working class, they created labor movements and went on strikes. Although the workers had created many strikes and labor unions, they were at the least successful. Workers were marginalized by the poor working conditions they had. A lot of the time the workers feared goingRead MoreHistory Is The Study Of Fast Event931 Words   |  4 Pages History Final Assignment History is the study of fast event or information about fact what people did to make this world beautiful. From this class or especially from my professor Amy Bell I learn that what written in the books are not all fact. Before I used to hate history subject because of date, but after taking history two I started to love to study different history books to know the fact. Especially I read the united states history booksRead MoreExtent to which the Republican Party Liberalized1502 Words   |  6 PagesA. Plan of Investigation The Progressive Era was a time characterized by a multitude of reactions to the inherent problems in American society and politics. The previous age of â€Å"gilded† politics had left the American political system fraught with corruption and inefficiency, and the rise of industrialization made clear the socioeconomic divide between the lower and upper classes. Progressivism became a loosely connected movement of legislation, ideas, and people striving to improve the

The Effects of Bullying and Why Should It Be Stopped Essay

Good morning everybody. I am up here today to give you all a speech about school bullying. Basically, my purpose is to tell you all more about the effects of school bullying and why should it be stopped. Do you all know that one in every four children is a victim of bullying? (P2, Neurotic Ramblings) From the 519 students surveyed by the organization, 129 claimed they had been bullied. (P2, Sunday times 16/7/2006) School bullying is a kind of bullying which happens in an educational environment. The behaviour must be repeated and aggressive in order for it to be considered bullying. So what are the effects of school bullying? Firstly, victims who are bullied can lose interest in school. (Victim point 1, Source 2) This is so as they feel†¦show more content†¦Out of the 37, 10 claimed their reason for doing so is that they were bullied before.† (P2-3, Sunday Times 2006) This is so as they feel that they should retaliate this way when they are provoked. In such cases, the victims do not know how to react with their frustrations. They feel that they need not be kind to others since others treat them in an unkind way. This is a worrying as it might become worse. One example of such case would be Penny, who turned into a bully in Secondary two. She was a victim of school bullying and dealt with her feelings by terrorising others. By doing so, she wanted others to feel her agony. For a year, the bully threw her books out of the window, shouted vulgarities at her and kicked her chair till she almost injured herself. To avenge herself, she would throw her juniors’ bags into the school pond. B y doing so, she claimed that she would feel controlled. ( P5-7, Sunday Times 2006)Therefore, bullying should be stopped as it could cause harm to innocent ones and may even influence others to join bullying as they would feel that they could be higher powered than the rest. Secondly, bullies themselves who bully others tend to have violent behaviour as well. If they are allowed to continue bullying, they may participate in more risky and violent behaviour. If nothing is being done to correct their actions, this may continue to their adulthood. These bulliesShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Bullying1203 Words   |  5 Pagesfather had been jailed for hitting her† (Goad). Bullying has been a major problem in our society. The power of bullying can ruin someone’s life. Nothing good can ever come from bullying no matter how it happens. Bullying has been around for a long time, and it must come to an end. Bullying should be stopped because of the terrible and heartbreaking outcomes. To begin, the power of bullying is disgraceful land will always have a negative outcome. Bullying occurs when someone is repeatedly harmed by someoneRead MoreBullying Is A Social Phenomenon861 Words   |  4 PagesBullying has been a known term for many centuries. 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The Role Of External Auditing On Promoting Good Corporate...

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the role of external auditing in promoting good corporate governance. The role of auditors has been emphasized after the pass of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act as a response to the accounting scandal of Enron. Even though auditors are hired and paid by the company, their role is not to represent or act in favor of the company, but to watch and investigate the company’s financials to protect the public from any material misstatements that can affect their decisions. As part of this role, the auditors assess the level of the company’s adherence to its own code of ethics. External Auditing Since reliable financial information is essential for investors and other stakeholders to take adequate decisions, this reliability must be backed by independent review performed by independent and certified auditing firms, which are supposed to verify and certify financial statements issued by a company’s management. If the auditor is not competent and independent from management, the audit of the financial statements loses its credibility (Schelker, 2013, p.295). According to Impastato (2003), because of audit failures, accountants are to blame for investors losing billions of dollars in earnings in addition to market capitalization (as cited in Grubbs Ethridge 2007). As explained by Schelker (2013), the agency problem between the owners and the management of a ï ¬ rm is at the heart of the corporate governance literature. Hence, there is a need for aShow MoreRelatedSetting And Enforcing Clear Lines Of Responsibility Essay1461 Words   |  6 PagesSetting and Enforcing Clear Lines of Responsibility Good corporate governance needs effective and appropriate regulatory, legal and institutional basis. A variety of elements which including the laws and regulatory framework, and financial accounting standards have an effect on the setting of clear lines of responsibility on auditing (Chiang, 2005). Effective enforcement of clear responsibility is thus necessary to identify who is responsible for auditing in the organization so as not to have ambiguitiesRead MoreHow Auditors Can Assess Corporate Governance Essay1047 Words   |  5 PagesArthur Levitt, a former SEC chairman, defined corporate governance as â€Å"the link between a company’s management, directors, and its financial reporting system† (as cited in Hermanson Rittenberg, 2003). The core of good corporate governance is guaranteeing open and reliable relations between an organization and its shareholders. Good governance is thus a culture of dependability, transparency, accountability, and fairness that is de ployed throughout the organization. It is important for economicRead MoreEnron Scandal And The Corporate Financial Frauds1374 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the biggest corporate financial frauds in history was Enron scandal, where the relationship between the company governance and their auditors - Arthur Andersen was one of the factors that helped the company hide its frauds, which eventually led Enron’s bankruptcy. The accounting firm was accused of not acting independently and misstating Enron s accounts such as keeping huge debts off balance sheets. Some believe that the auditors had gone along with Enron’s questionable accounting practicesRead MoreInternal Audit Current Issue3701 Words   |  15 Pages8.0 Background According to Wikipedia, Internal auditing is a profession and activity involved in helping organizations achieve their stated objectives. 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Internal auditors deals with problems that are fundamentally important to the continuous existence and prosperity of any organization. Contrasting external auditors, they look beyond financial risks and statements and also considers wider issues such as the organization’s growth, reputation, its impact on the environment and also the way it manages its employees. On the whole, internal auditors helpsRead MoreA General Description Of The Westpac Banking Corporation1568 Words   |  7 Pagesgrowth that is needed to stay competitive with a global market. With the bank dealing in financial services such as retail, corporate, commercial and institutional banking. While also being able to focus on financial services dealing with energy, carbon, oil, metals, agriculture, and oil among many others. b. The external forces that impact on the organization. External factors that Westpac have no control over include - The environment- Westpac was one of the many organizations which signedRead MoreAudit Committee12884 Words   |  52 Pagescontrol environments, and external auditors’ performance, as well as matters that potentially impact ï ¬ nancial reporting and should interest the PCAOB (e.g., in the area of management discussion and analysis). We speciï ¬ cally link the ï ¬ ndings from academic research to the discussion questions posed by the PCAOB in its 2004 brieï ¬ ng paper. Several potential implications of the ï ¬ ndings should also interest standard-setters and regulators addressing issues related to corporate governance and ï ¬ nancial reportingRead MoreBusiness Risk1846 Words   |  8 PagesThe concept of this question needs the explanation of inter-relation between business risk and audit risk, which is automatically, must include the risk analysis as an approach to auditing to overcome with the concern of handling these risks. Before entering deeper to the business risk and how an auditor can manage and be aware of these risks, lets define and describe some of the terms which is related to this question as follows:- Business risk is generally defined as the threat posed

Byod at Innovate Technologies

Questions: 1. What are BYODs and how are they currently being used. You should explore a range of applications of BYOD, for example, in areas such as healthcare, education and other software companies. 2. Discuss at least three ways that BYODs could be used to enhance your organisation over the next five years. In particular the CEO would like you to explore ways BYODs could be used to provide opportunities to expand your business both locally and globally. Analyse potential options that could lead to recommendations at the end of your report. 3. Assess the advantages and disadvantages of using BYODs. Consider the current uses by various organisations and possibilities for your organisation (especially those you have considered in tasks 1 and 2 above). Explore the ethical, social and legal considerations, and the potential positive and negative impacts your organisation should consider. These should lead to some recommendations at the end of your report. Answers: 1. Introduction Innovate Technologies is a Sydney based IT company that works to major fields of software development. The first is the mobile application development, where the company develops a range of efficient and time saving application for mobile users. The second field is the information systems development for large organizations. The company develops and supports both the fields equally but has a major share of its business from the information systems development as the clients associated with the same are billion dollar companies. Hence, Innovate technologies is looking for ways to strengthen its bonds with the existing clients and break deals with new clients. The company has an extremely innovative group of employees who are enthusiastic in developing applications that sync with the latest technologies. The company is looking forward to a way to develop applications that can be sold to its existing information system clients to increase the business if mobile application development s ector. Though the company is relatively new in the field of IT, it has leaped forward with its fast moving services. The company strongly believes in supporting services as a crucial need to make sure the corporate bonds with the clients sustain. The company encourages innovation and is known for developing new services that make use of the new technologies introduced, to help its clients and mobile users get the best of these technologies through new applications. The company is known to have developed major information systems and places a huge amount of significance to ensure security of data. The company is always ready to invest in technologies that would have a positive impact on both the business and lifestyle of its employees. The report below has been developed by an ICT manager at Innovate Technologies to help the CEO of the organization understand how implementing BYOD can substantially reach all the above goals of the organization. The report has four major sections. The first section is about understanding BYOD, its advantages and disadvantages and the various sectors that have currently implemented BYOD applications. The second section identifies three reasons that explain the need for BYOD to be implemented in Innovate Technologies. This sections also provide ideas that would help the company reach its current goals. The third section details out the various implications that may arise due to the usage of BYOD and the final section has recommendations as to how to overcome these implication and successfully implement BYOD in Innovate Technologies. 2. BYOD and its current applications 2.1 Understanding BYOD BYOD stands for Bring Your Own Device. BYOD allows employees of an organization to access corporate mails, company Wi-Fi and other privileged company information (Miller, 2012). The concept has rose due to the increasing need of employees to carry their own devices and access company applications through the same for flexibility and convenience. It is a part of the evolution that empowers the organizations practicing them with consumerization of IT, where the customer originated technologies impact the enterprise. These concepts have been bought in to light to reap the advantages of the technologies that originate and develop in the consumer space rather than sourcing the same from the IT enterprise sector (Thomson, 2012). The term BYOD was initially coined by Intel, however, it was Unisys Corporation that has put the concept into use in most of its business segments with the help of Citrix Systems. 2.2 Advantages of BYOD The various reasons for enterprises to constantly adopt to the concept of BYOD are listed below Cost Saving: BYOD enables cost-saving by allowing the employees carry their own devices. The hardware expenses of a company to provide these devices significantly reduces as an employee would not need a secondary device (Bien, 2015). When correctly implemented, BYOD can completely eliminate the need for company issued Blackberry thereby reducing the hardware cost. Software licensing costs and device maintenance is decreased as the devices would be owned by the employees rather than the company. Figure 1: Impact of BYOD on expenses Anywhere, Anytime: BYOD provides the ability to access corporate information from anywhere, the need to be continuously present at the desk is reduced (Ballagas, 2014). Especially in support environments the need to be able to access corporate applications from anywhere anytime will help the employee resolve issues at the comfort of their home (Morrow, 2012). Cutting Edge Technology: The devices carried by employees are usually faster with far better technology than that provided by the company. This is especially true in case of smaller organizations with budgetary constraints (Shim, 2013). By using BYOD the organization can make use of advanced technologies without actually investing in them. Employee Satisfaction: Employees are happier with the flexibility BYOD provides. Ability to work with their own devices makes the employees more comfortable (Hopkins, 2013). Also, the employee gets to choose the device they would like to work with, rather than use the company mandated devices Attractive Employer: Organizations that implement BYOD are seen as adaptive organizations that put the comfort of their employees as a priority. This makes the organization an attractive employer there by increasing the recruitment quality. 2.3 Disadvantages of BYOD Every technology has its own cons list. Understanding them and applying appropriate measures to ground the negative impacts would help an organization use the technology to an advantage. The chances of security breach is high when corporate data is accessed through personal devices. The sheer number of devices connecting increasing exponentially leading to a need to implement advanced measures to ensure security The device may be lost or sold with corporate data still residing in the device. The corporate data may be stored in personal cloud storage. Malware threats increase substantially (Scarfo, 2012) The chances of the current applications used by the company are not compatible with the employee device. The support sector of organization should find ways to implement them on all devices (Ghosh, 2013) Lack of infrastructure to handle network traffic with increasing BYOD users. 2.4 Current applications of BYOD 2.4.1 BYOD in Healthcare BYOD in health care segment is currently restricted to a smaller scale as the need for patient data confidentiality is high. Reports of various tests conducted on a patient are uploaded on to the companys database and the same can be checked by doctors using a tablet (Gwaltney, 2015). However, since IT support for BYOD is not the primary concern in healthcare industries 2.4.2 BOYD in Education BOYD is being adapted into education sector by changing smartphone from a distraction to an important tool for educational enhancement. Starting from schools to educational universities, e-learning had become the latest trend and the same can be easily implemented through BYOD (Ho, 2015). The need to carry around textbooks and notes can be completely eliminated and the concept of beyond the classroom can be applied broadly (Song, 2014). However, special attention needs to be paid to make sure that the BYOD device is not misused and e- safety needs to be ensured. 2.4.3 Public sector The public sectors of US and UK has started implementing the BYOD concept at a higher level allowing employees to access the network with personal laptops. However, given the sensitivity of data that prevails in a public sector and the large number of employees associated stringent guidelines as per the new End User Devices Security and Configuration Guidance policy was issued by Communications-Electronics Security Group (CESG) have to be adhered to, to ensure data safety. 2.4.4 IT Sector BOYD is currently most popular in IT sector with IBM being a lead implementer. Companies with support projects are migrating to BYOD to ensure 24x7 support for clients. The IT sector has dedicated wings to ensure that the devices used adhere to the guidelines listed by the enterprise. The increase in flexibility and feasibility of the working environment of the employee has been a major reason for implementing BYOD. 3. Enhancing Innovate Technologies with BYOD 3.1 Implementing BYOD as a Sand Box Innovate Technologies works in the field of mobile application development and information system applications. Both the fields are closely related to BYOD. The company can therefore, implement BYOD in its own organization and use it closely to understand how BYOD works and what the implications with it are (Mansfield, 2012). Once the same is understood and analyzed the company can develop mobile applications that can be sold to large organizations to implement BYOD or to the device owners to make their devices compatible with the BYOD policies of the company. The chances of developing a new product is high when how the work is closely observed, helping the company come with applications that enhance BYOD. The company can expand both globally and locally by supplying these service to corporations implementing BYOD. 3.2 BYOD to enhance support Since Innovate Technologies develop information system application for large organizations, the need to provide round the clock support to client is essential. By implementing BYOD the company can provide support services 24x7. The employees can address issues as soon as they rise as they are constantly connected to the corporate network. SLA of support services can be easily reached, allowing the company to provide best support services. This would help them enhance their support services with the current clients and also would be helpful to break deals with new clients (French, 2014) 3.3 Cost Cutting and employee satisfaction The major advantage with the BYOD is its cost saving capabilities with reduced secondary devices and device maintenance. The company works in mobile applications and hence, it is ideally for them to implement the same through BYOD, enhancing the integrity of the company. The company has much more satisfied employee increasing the productivity gains. 4. Ethical, Social and Legal considerations When implementing any technologies there are several litigations that may question the ethical sense of the employees and the legal issue the company may face due to the implementation. It is important to realize the possible issue before implementing something to make sure necessary steps are taken to make sure all the issues are correctly addressed Below listed are the ethical, social and legal considerations to be looked into before implementing BYOD The company would have access to the device of the employee and hence employee privacy may be violated The employees need to remain ethical when using corporate network and should be responsible to ensure that privileged data is not shared with third parties in any form. The need to implement reasonable security on BYOD devices is high to ensure the security of corporate data (Romer, 2014) If data security issues arise due to BYOD, the employees device cannot be taken by the company due to lack of ownership Data security needs to be enhanced to make sure that third party or unauthorized users dont have access to this data The technically savvy employees may jailbreak the devices eliminating the restrictions to improve security. The employees are responsible to apply corporate security patches regularly to protect data (Cook, 2013) Accessing corporate sites from public Wi-Fi increases the risk of malware and hackers Device locking may not be implemented by employees exposing corporate mails to unauthorized users (Benigno, 2014) 5. Conclusion BYOD or Bring Your Own Device is one of the key technologies that lead to the consumerisation of IT where the consumer technologies impact the working on an enterprise. With the rising need for flexible working environment of employee, it is only obvious that BYOD has been implemented in major parts of software sectors. The concept allows the employees to access privileged corporate data through their personal devices. BYOD has become popular due it its cost cutting and employee satisfying capabilities. The need for secondary devices is almost completely eliminated by the concept of BYOD. However, the concept of BYOD is relatively new and hence laws and policies have not being concretely developed around it. Data security and employee privacy are major issues when implementing BYOD and addressing the same is essential to ensure that the integrity of the organization is not compromised. Innovate Technologies can make the best use of BYOD as the concept would not only provide advantages such as cost cutting but will also help the organization come up with mobile application products that can be sold over to its large clientele that implement information systems. Most of these organizations would be looking into BYOD which is bound to happen in almost all the sectors and hence, Innovate technologies would have a chance to migrate their potential clients to their mobile application development sector as well. The objectives to strengthen bonds with the existing clientele of information system can be achieved by implementing BYOD to enhance support services. Understanding and analyzing how BYOD works can help the company come up with products that support the implementation of BYOD on mobile platforms for the large clientele of information systems to take up mobile application development services as well. 6. Recommendations Implementing BYOD without a question advantageous to Innovate Technologies. However, extreme care should be taken to provide security to corporate data accessed through BYOD devices and also employee privacy has to be respected. The below policies have to be implemented to ensure the negative impacts of BYOD is reduced As the company cannot develop security applications to all mobile platforms at once, the BYOD has to be implemented in patches allowing devices of one platform at a time to ensure that the security applications are appropriately developed for data security (Tokuyoshi, 2013) To ensure data cannot be accessed by unauthorized users employees with BYOD have to follow the below guidelines mandatorily. Screen locks with passwords are mandatory (Keyes, 2013) All the corporate applications have to be locked or hidden (Donaldson, 2015) Logging in with corporate credentials for all corporate applications Erase the data on the device completely before selling it Install all security patches mandated by the company Make sure that the device is treated as any other corporate device and password sharing has to be restricted (Walker, 2013) Jailbraking and rooting devices is strictly prohibited If the device is lost or stolen the same as to be reported to the company immediately (Jaramillo, 2013) Installation of apps that can pose potential threat to the corporate data security should be restricted (Lim, 2014) Clearly help the employee understand that the device can be lawfully and legally owned by the company to investigate any issues that occurred through the device A strict exit strategy has to defined to ensure that the company data is not accessible to the employee post separation The company data should not be stored in the mobile device permanently and only reading access wherever possible should be provided Clearly define the device maintenance if any is given to the employee (Eslahi, 2014). All the employees has to sign an acceptable use policy declared by the company The company has the right to erase the data remotely in case of stolen or lost device Malware and other hacking threats have to be addressed to with appropriate security measures The company has the right to pull out services without prior notification if a potential threat is identified The above listed are a brief list of recommendations. While actually implementing BYOD a much more comprehensive policy would be required to be adapted. 7. References Ballagas, R., Rohs, M., Sheridan, J.G. and Borchers, J., 2014. BYOD: Bring Your Own Device, UBICOMP. Benigno, V., Caruso, G., Ravicchio, F., Repetto, M. and Trentin, G., 2014. DO BYOD (BRING-YOUR-OWN-DEVICE) TECHNOLOGIES SUPPORT INCLUSIVE VIRTUAL CLASSROOMS?. ICERI2014 Proceedings, pp.6239-6248. Bien, D., Negahban, A. and Windsor, J., 2015. BYOD in Practice: A Comparison of Four BYOD Programs. Cook, T., Jaramillo, D., Katz, N., Bodin, B., Cooper, S., Becker, C.H., Smart, R. and Lu, C., 2013. Mobile innovation applications for the BYOD enterprise user. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 57(6), pp.6-1. Donaldson, S.E., Siegel, S.G., Williams, C.K. and Aslam, A., 2015. Enterprise Cybersecurity for Mobile and BYOD. In Enterprise Cybersecurity (pp. 119-129). Apress. Eslahi, M., Naseri, M.V., Hashim, H., Tahir, N.M. and Saad, E.H.M., 2014, April. BYOD: current state and security challenges. In Computer Applications and Industrial Electronics (ISCAIE), 2014 IEEE Symposium on (pp. 189-192). IEEE. French, A.M., Guo, C. and Shim, J.P., 2014. Current status, issues, and future of bring your own device (BYOD). Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 35(10), pp.191-197. Ghosh, A., Gajar, P.K. and Rai, S., 2013. Bring your own device (BYOD): Security risks and mitigating strategies. Journal of Global Research in Computer Science, 4(4), pp.62-70. Gwaltney, C., Coons, S.J., ODonohoe, P., OGorman, H., Denomey, M., Howry, C. and Ross, J., 2015. Bring Your Own Device(BYOD) The Future of Field-Based Patient-Reported Outcome Data Collection in Clinical Trials?. Therapeutic Innovation Regulatory Science, 49(6), pp.783-791. Ho, R.C. and Chua, H.K., 2015. The Influence of Mobile Learning on Learners Absorptive Capacity: A Case of Bring-Your-Own-Device (BYOD) Learning Environment. In Taylors 7th Teaching and Learning Conference 2014 Proceedings (pp. 471-479). Springer Singapore. Hopkins, N., Sylvester, A. and Tate, M., 2013. Motivations for BYOD: an investigation of the contents of a 21st century school bag. Jaramillo, D., Katz, N., Bodin, B., Tworek, W., Smart, R. and Cook, T., 2013. Cooperative solutions for bring your own device (BYOD). IBM journal of research and development, 57(6), pp.5-1. Keyes, J., 2013. Bring your own devices (BYOD) survival guide. CRC press. Lim, K., Jang, Y. and Lee, E., 2014. Research on BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) policy guidelines with the extension of the. Journal of Digital Convergence, 12(7), pp.21-36. Mansfield-Devine, S., 2012. Interview: BYOD and the enterprise network. Computer fraud security, 2012(4), pp.14-17. Miller, K.W., Voas, J. and Hurlburt, G.F., 2012. BYOD: Security and privacy considerations. It Professional, (5), pp.53-55. Morrow, B., 2012. BYOD security challenges: control and protect your most sensitive data. Network Security, 2012(12), pp.5-8. Romer, H., 2014. Best practices for BYOD security. Computer Fraud Security, 2014(1), pp.13-15. Scarfo, A., 2012, November. New security perspectives around BYOD. In Broadband, Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA), 2012 Seventh International Conference on (pp. 446-451). IEEE. Shim, J.P., Mittleman, D., Welke, R., French, A.M. and Guo, J.C., 2013. Bring your own device (BYOD): Current status, issues, and future directions. Song, Y., 2014. Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) for seamless science inquiry in a primary school. Computers Education, 74, pp.50-60. Thomson, G., 2012. BYOD: enabling the chaos. Network Security, 2012(2), pp.5-8. Tokuyoshi, B., 2013. The security implications of BYOD. Network Security, 2013(4), pp.12-13. Walker-Osborn, C., Mann, S. and Mann, V., 2013. to Byod or not to Byod. ITNow, 55(1), pp.38-39.

Reproduction Essays - Behavior, Sexual Reproduction, Mating

Reproduction For some time she had watched his movements, appearing coyly in his haunts. And now, had it paid off? Doubtless, he was in love. His muscles were taut; he swooped through the air more like an eagle than a Greylag gander. The only problem was, it was not for her that he then landed in a flurry of quacks and wingbeats, or for her that he dashed off surprise attacks on his fellows. It was, rather, for another - for her preening rival across the Bavarian lake. Poor goose. Will she mate with the gander of her dreams? Or will she trail him for years, laying infertile egg clutches as proof of her faithfulness? Either outcome is possible in an animal world marked daily by scenes of courtship, spurning and love triumphant. And take note: these are not the imaginings of some Disney screen-16 writer. Decades ago Konrad Lorenz, a famed Austrian naturalist, made detailed studies of Greylags and afterwards showed no hesitation in using words like love, grief and even embarrassment to describe th e behavior of these large, social birds. At the same time he did not forget that all romance - animal and human - is tied intimately to natural selection. Natural selection brought on the evolution of males and females during prehistoric epochs when environmental change was making life difficult for single-sex species such as bacteria and algae. Generally, these reproduced by splitting into identical copies of themselves. New generations were thus no better than old ones at surviving in an altered world. With the emergence of the sexes, however, youngsters acquired the qualities of two parents. This meant that they were different from both - different and perhaps better at coping with tough problems of survival. At the same time, nature had to furnish a new set of instincts which would make "parents" out of such unreflective entities as mollusks and jellyfish.. The peacock's splendid feathers, the firefly's flash, the humpback whale's resounding bellow - all are means these anima ls have evolved to obey nature's command: "Find a mate. Transmit your characteristics through time!" But while most males would accept indiscriminate mating, females generally have more on their minds. In most species, after all, they take on reproduction's hardest chores such as carrying young, incubating eggs and tending newborns. Often they can produce only a few young in a lifetime. (Given half a chance, most males would spawn thousands.) So it's no surprising that the ladies are choosy. They want to match their characteristics with those of a successful mate. He may flap his wings or join a hockey team, but somehow he must show that his offspring will not likely be last to eat or first in predatory jaws. Strolling through the Australian underbrush that morning, she had seen nothing that might catch a female bowerbird's eye. True, several males along the way had built avenue bowers - twin rows of twigs lined up north and south. True, they had decorated their constructions wit h plant juices and charcoal. Yet they displayed nothing out front! Not a beetle's wing. Not a piece of flower. Then she saw him. He stood before the largest bower and in his mouth held a most beautiful object. It was a powder blue cigarette package, and beneath it there glinted a pair of pilfered car keys. Without hesitation she hopped forward to watch his ritual dance. Males have found many ways to prove their worth. Some, like bowerbirds, flaunt possessions and territory, defending these aggressively against the intrusion of fellow males. Others, like many birds and meat-eating mammals, pantomime nest building or otherwise demonstrate their capacity as dads. Still others, however, do nothing. Gentlemen may bring flowers, but most male fish just fertilize an egg pile some unknown female has left in underwater sand. For a fish, survival itself is a romantic feat. For other species, though, love demands supreme sacrifices. Shortly after alighting on the back of his mate, the male praying mantis probably had no idea what was in store. This would have been a good thing too, because as he continued to fertilize his partner's eggs, she twisted slowly around and bit off his head. She continued to put