VoIP at Butler University Free Essays

Butler University identified weaknesses in the existing campus communication systems. Chief Information Office (CIO) Scott Kincaid’s identified the need to upgrade or replace the Centrex system as Butler student enrollment and administrative data communication needs had outgrown its usefulness. Arguments for the Centrex system were that users found the system reliability to be beneficial. We will write a custom essay sample on VoIP at Butler University or any similar topic only for you Order Now Once employees have a system that meets their current needs, some are reluctant to go embrace the next step to enhancing Job capabilities. The majority of students liked having campus rovided email even though 92% had cell phones. Various problems were associated with the existing system but it was not without failure. For no other reason than advances in technology, the current analog system had become outdated and hard to customize. Moving lines was labor intensive with student and administrative shifts. Changes become labor intensive and difficult to perform because not only is the hardware difficult to repair, at a certain point the system will be so antiquated that it won’t be compatible with new vendor technology upgrades outside of Butler. A large amount of administrative time was spent reconciling the current billing system each month showing that again unnecessary labor was a hindrance to efficiency. Changes aren’t without risk and administrative staff viewed merging data and voice networks was viewed as risky. A major concern was regarding the voice quality of VoIP technology. The IT department also knew that network security risks were a concern addressing other data network risk concerns post 9/1 1 . An efficient and flexible integrated emergency notification system was required to remedy this concern. Campus administration also feared virus attacks that commonly affected data networks. Unified communications is a term used to describe a system that integrates call and data communication applications that are interactive and collaborative with real- time and transactional capabilities. Butler hired the Dietrich Lockard Group, a telecommunications-consulting firm, to address the primary issues and needs of the university and to recommend a unified communications solution. To pinpoint the real needs of the university, Dietrich formed an advisory group comprised of dministrative staff from a variety of departments around campus who required a high-level of data usage and accuracy from the system. Those departments were admissions, financial services, student life, facilities management, the libraries, and department faculty. The advisory group and technical staff were taught about VoIP and steps that can be taken to mitigate its risks. The strategic plan involving integrating these five goals: improve student communications, improve handling of callers, leverage new services to assist staff and improve training on these systems, emain competitive with other institutions regarding the level of student services offered, and to provide more immediate access to key Butler personnel. The options presented to Butler were to continue with the existing systems and make no changes. Many people find the system reliable. Another solutions would be to continue upgrading the existing system and equipment. Although expensive, IT staff was familiar with the system and, while difficult, upgrades were possible – at least in the system and integrate and independent VoIP for a few selected offices. This would llow Butler to make a small-scale technology change without compromising the entire communications network. The last and most expensive option is to acquire a new in-house PBX system for unified communications. The concern with this option is if Butler were to invest in a new PBX system would it have a limited life? With Dietrich’s guidance, Butler drafted an RFP and put the project out for bid. Vendor selection would be based on the an analysis of the variables effecting choices, the vendor’s ability meet the universitys needs as defined in the RFP, cost, availability of ocal support once the network was installed, and the vendor’s experience with new VoIP and other enterprise systems. A vendor was selected and a very aggressive implementation schedule was initiated. Staff and students found the changeover simple and the pilot program made training fun. The IT department described the changeover as the â€Å"week from hell†. Phone system registration was labor intensive when each needed to be registered manually. Other problems were malfunctioning equipment, the 2,000 additional phone numbers provided by SBC came up missing nd required a 45-day window to fix the problem and food service and the bookstore didn’t have Ethernet wiring. The biggest problem was that department safety alarm wiring was not compatible with new VoIP and the old system needed to be recreated to make them work. My concern with the alarm system was based on 1970’s technology and should have been updated. I would consider the upgrade to be a wise decision on Butler’s choice. Analog systems are antiquated and had they not made the change now, it may have been more costly in the future. Technology ntegration with outside source such as telecommunications companies and software support for financial and accounting systems. Any department that required data sharing and collaboration, mixed media messaging was at an operational risk had the change-over not been implemented. By converging systems for a unified communication solution, Butler had taken the proactive approach. It wasn’t without unanticipated costs – a new IT staff position was created, and the unforeseen costs to the department alarm system and Ethernet cabling to food services and the bookstore were substantial. What Butler gained was collaborative applications, improved communications and convenience. Having a different call centers around campus, Butler could now examine call records and identify inefficacies within a specific area. The economy of improving these areas will be cost and improved university services. I believe Butler made the correct choice in moving forward with a new system. The only fault I found was in their not revamping the existing alarm system. The problems experienced during the changeover were minimal and solvable without reconstructing the plan. Again, a solid strategic and farsighted plan. How to cite VoIP at Butler University, Papers

Effective Managers Importance in Business †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Is The Effective Managers Importance In Business? Answer: Introduction Effective managers are importance in a business, and their work is seen all over the organization starting from the way they solve conflicts and ensuring that employees have achieved their goals. Additionally, global readiness index helps in rating the business to show how the business is performing compared to other businesses. Managerial assumption helps to explain that employees should work under little supervision since they are self-motivated to perform their work. Also, time management is significant in hitting targets at the right time, and emotional intelligence helps employees to work together in groups and be flexible to various changes which happen in business. I used to ignore the work of a manager in a business, and I thought a business should only have the director and the employees for it to be complete. I have to admit that I despised the work of managers to the point that I never saw their importance whether they were the presence or not and I thought all organizations should do away with them. Being in a management class changed my thoughts completely and started analyzing their work one by one. Did I see their importance? The answer here is yes. Effective managers help in various ways in business by reviewing the performance of each employee which helps them improve their productivity. For instance, most business review performance appraisal for every employee which is issued by the managers where they are able to see their work for a particular period, and this helps them increase their productivity next time. Additionally, managers also ensure that conflicts are solved in the right way and fairly in the department. After I had learned about the importance of effective managers, global readiness index was the other area that I had to learn and analyze its importance. In this area, I saw that it was important for a business to analysis its performance and where it lies compared to other businesses in the globe. It is importance for the business to provide the rating pieces so that the customers may rate their services which help the business to work on areas that employees do not deliver quality services (Parasuraman and Colby, 2015, p. 72). The importance of global index is that when the business is rated according to its performance and compared to other businesses, it gives the business a chance to improve and see the competition that lies behind it. For instance, businesses such as banks are able to provide the rating sheets where customers fill in how they view the services of business with honesty. Following my lessons in class, the managerial assumption was the other area of the management self-test, and at first, I never understood this area clearly until I read about theory X and theory Y which was founded by Douglas McGregor. He suggested that theory X which was founded more on management theory that was classical and assumed that employees should have maximum supervision because employees are intrinsically lazy. Contract to theory X, theory Y suggested that employees are self- motivated, ambitious and it drew attention to Maslows hierarchy of needs. Both saw human motivation and behavior as the major significance in maximizing production in the organization (Grbz, ?ahin and Kksal, 2014, p. 1902). I agree with Douglas that theory Y is superior. The importance of letting employees free to perform their duties without a lot of supervision is that everyone has needs which are the driving force towards working and this leads to increasing the productivity of the company as they try to satisfy their needs. For instance, most businesses allow employees to have less supervision where they work and control themselves to hit their targets. In time management profile, I have to agree that I know time management is importance but I am sure that most time people do not know how to manage time including myself. Time management is significant in many ways, and people fail to hit deadlines because of poor time management. The reason why managing time is importance is because time is limited and every employee should look for ways to manage the limited time so as to accomplish a lot of work and hit deadlines at the right time. For example, businesses have always trained employees how to manage their time to ensure that they hit targets which result to high productivity in the company. I admit that I have tried to manage my time even in class and it is a great idea because I have managed to achieve more with less effort and it minimizes the essence of losing momentum in class. PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT ACTION PLAN Name .. Student Number .. In order to reach your goals, what behaviors will you Stop, Minimise, Keep Doing, do More of and which will you Start? SKILL STOP MINIMISE KEEP DOING DO MORE START 1 Communication Issuing orders and ignoring other peoples opinion Giving late feedbacks in a certain idea Communicating when there is a problem Communicating more to avoid conflicts Listening to other peoples opinion 2 Teamwork Selecting the group of people, I should join to be with my friends Social-loafing Working before hitting deadlines Working hard to hit targets earlier Joining any group of people with great focus 3 Learning Ignoring revising what I know Overconfidence Learning new ideas Curiosity of learning new information Revising what I already know 4 Time management Waiting until deadline to do the work Piling work Reporting to work early Reporting to work early to hit deadlines Working with deadlines 5 Problem solving Making quick decision without looking at the consequences Undermining other peoples opinion Asking for help for professionals Asking for more help from others and their opinion Making decisions after analyzing the whole idea. Emotional intelligence is an important area in the organization and to general life setting. Personally, I view emotional intelligence as the base of all activities that take place in the organization because a lot of concepts are driven by our emotions and the way we control them. Some of the importance of emotional intelligence is: employees in an organization are able to work in groups or teams; they are able to adjust to changes which occur and are also flexible (Helfenstein et al., 2014, p. 20 ). I have learned that emotional intelligence helps an employee understands her self-awareness which enables her to understand her weaknesses, strengths and the ways in which her actions and emotions may affect others in the organization. For example, organizations have a forum where employees are able to test their emotional intelligence and educate them on ways in which their emotions can affect others in the organization. Conclusion In conclusion, I have learned something new by looking at the importance of various areas of business. I have learned the importance of effective managers, global readiness index, managerial assistance, time management profile and emotional intelligence. References Grbz, S., ?ahin, F. and Kksal, O. (2014) Revisiting of Theory X and Y, Management Decision, 52(10), pp. 18881906. doi: 10.1108/MD-06-2013-0357. Helfenstein, S., Kaikova, O., Khriyenko, O. and Terziyan, V. (2014) Emotional business intelligence, in Proceedings - 2014 7th International Conference on Human System Interactions, HSI 2014, pp. 1421. doi: 10.1109/HSI.2014.6860441. Parasuraman, A. and Colby, C. L. (2015) An Updated and Streamlined Technology Readiness Index: TRI 2.0, Journal of service research, 18(1), pp. 5974. doi: 10.1177/1094670514539730.

Egyptian Tomb 5 Essays - Ancient Egyptian Mummies,

Egyptian Tomb 5 Egyptologists had lost interest in the site of tomb 5, which had been explored and looted decades ago. Therefore, they wanted to give way to a parking lot. However, no one would have ever known the treasure that lay only 200 ft. from King Tut's resting place which was beyond a few rubble strewn rooms that previous excavators had used to hold their debris. Dr. Kent Weeks, an Egyptologist with the American University in Cairo, wanted to be sure the new parking facility wouldn't destroy anything important. Thus, Dr. weeks embarked in 1988 on one final exploration of the old dumping ground. Eventually he was able to pry open a door blocked for thousands of years, and announced the discovery of a life time. "We found ourselves in a corridor," he remembers. "On each side were 10 doors and at end there was a statue of Osiris, the god of the afterlife." The tomb is mostly unexcavated and the chambers are choked with debris, Weeks is convinced that there are more rooms on a lower level, bringing the total number to more than 100. That would make tomb 5 the biggest and most complex tomb ever found in Egypt, and quite conceivable the resting place of up to 50 sons of Ramesses II, perhaps the best known of all the pharaohs, the ruler believed to have been Moses'nemesis in the book of Exodus. The Valley of the Kings, in which Tomb 5 is located, is just across the Nile River from Luxor, Egypt. It is never exactly been off the beaten track. Tourism has been brisk in the valley for millenniums: graffiti scrawled on tomb walls proves that Greek and Roman travelers stopped here to gaze at the wall paintings and hieroglyphics that were already old long before the birth of Christ. Archaeologists have been coming for centuries too. Napoleon brought his own team of excavators when he invaded in 1798, and a series of expeditions in 19th and early 20th centuries uncovered one tomb after another. A total of 61 burial spots had been found by the time the British explorer Howard Carter opened the treasure-laden tomb of King Tutankhamun in 1922. Britain's James Burton had burrowed into the site of Tomb 5 in 1820, and decided that there was nothing inside. A dismissive Carter used its entryway as a place to dump the debris he was hauling out of Tut's tomb. In the late 1980s, came the proposed parking area and Weeks' concern. His 1988 foray made it clear that the tomb wasn't dull as Burton said. Elaborate carvings covered walls and referred to Ramesses II, whose own tomb was just 100 ft. away. The wall inscriptions on the companion crypt mentioned two of Ramesses'52 known sons, implying some of the royal offspring might have been buried within. Then, came last month's astonishing announcement. For treasure, the tomb probably won't come to close to Tut's because robbers apparently plundered the chamber long time ago. No gold or fine jewelry has been found so far, and Weeks does not expect to find any riches to speak of. The carvings and inscriptions Weeks and his friends have seen, along with thousands of artifacts such as beads, fragments of jars that were used to store the organs of the deceased, and mummified body parts which tell historians a great amount about ancient Egypt during the reign of its most important king. "Egyptians do not call him Ramesses II," Sabry Abd El Aziz, director of antiquities for the Qurna region said. " We call him Ramesses al-Akbar which means Ramesses the Great." During his 67 years on the throne stretching from 1279 B.C. to 1212 B. C., Ramesses could have filled an ancient edition of the Guinness Book of Records all by himself: he built more temples, obelisks and monuments; took more wives(eight, not counting concubines) and claimed to have sired more children (as many as 162, by some accounts) than any other pharaoh in history. He presided over an empire that stretched from present-day Libya to Iraq in the east, as far north as Turkey and southward into the Sudan. Today, historians know a great deal about Ramesses and the

roman empire essays

roman empire essays The Romans have had almost every type of government there is. They've had a kingdom, a republic, a dictatorship, and an empire. Their democracy would be the basis for most modern democracies. The people have always been involved with and loved their government, no matter what kind it was. They loved being involved in the government, and making decisions concerning everyone. In general, the Romans were very power-hungry. This might be explained by the myth that they are descended from Romulus, who's father was Mars, the god of war. Their government loving tendencies have caused many, many civil wars. After type of government, the change has been made with a civil war. There have also been many civil wars between rulers. But it all boils down to wanting to be involved in government. When the Greeks finally entered Troy after ten long years of siege, a man named Aeneas escaped the city with his father, Anchises, and his son, Ascanius. They went to Mt. Ida, where they were to meet Aeneas' wife, Creusa, but she never showed up. Saddened, Aeneas acquired a boat and sailed around the Mediterranean. He bounced around from Asia Minor to Greece to Crete looking for a place to found a new Troy, but he couldn't find a satisfactory place. As told by Homer in the Aeneid, Aeneas was cared for by the gods. Venus, in particular, was very worried about him. She asked Jupiter, king of the gods about him, and he said this: "Since you are so consumed with anxiety for Aeneas, I shall turn forward far The hidden pages of fate and speak of the future. He shall conduct a great campaign for you. And conquer all Italy and its haughty peoples. He shall impose laws on his own people. And build walled cities for them; the third summer Shall see him rule in Latium, the third winter Of warfare see the Rutulians [an Italian tribe] subdued. But his son Ascanius... It is he who shall consolidate your power-For thirty years with all their turning months; Then...

ASTRONAUTICS & SPACE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ASTRONAUTICS & SPACE - Essay Example The purpose of ISS includes functions like investigating affect of weightlessness on biological species, including crew members, over a period. In addition it will also study crystal growth in space. (Oberg, 2005). NASA had originally scheduled participating in ISS program until 2015, but with loss of STS-107, President Bush declared that the shuttle would be retired by 2010, which meant no support service for ISS. Hence, its plans for last module launch, as well as, de-orbiting procedures are not yet clear.(Catchpole: The international Space Station) These rovers have greater mobility than 1997 pathfinders. While each rover can trek up-to 100 meters, across the red surface on one Martian day, it could carry sophisticated instruments that can help in discovery of water on Mars. The landing procedure for both rovers and pathfinders are almost identical. (Mars Exploration Rovers). However, the landed portion of rovers has different design that allows carrying all instruments with rover. Pathfinders carried instruments on Lander and a small sojourner rover. Rovers are able to take color and infra-red images with 360 degree visibility. Possibility of presence of water on Martian surface has been the major discovery of the Mars Exploration Rover mission.(Mars Rovers Most Amazing Discoveries) Catchpole John, â€Å"The international space station: building for the future†, book,: Retrieved on 8th Dec 2010 from:

Knowledge Management Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Knowledge Management Techniques - Essay Example This research will begin with the definition of knowledge management as the tools, techniques and strategies to retain, analyse, organise, improve and share business expertise. This definition of knowledge management seems incomplete for the reasons mentioned in the following discussion. The definition restricts knowledge management to the business sector only, whereas in my view knowledge management engulfs almost all the real world issues. However the generalization indicated through the terms â€Å"tools†, â€Å"techniques† and â€Å"strategies† makes this sound more appropriate. In practice knowledge management cannot be defined or expressed through specific terminologies. This is because the current meanings associated with the modern tools and gadgets may not be able to cope up with the growing pace of the phenomenon that drives knowledge management. To me the span of knowledge management is ever expanding. The endless limits of data generation and spread o f knowledge owing mainly to globalization are just a few of the factors that contribute to this paradigm of thought. Knowledge management is the effective learning processes associated with exploration, exploitation and sharing of human knowledge (tacit and explicit) that use appropriate technology and cultural environments to enhance an organisation’s intellectual capital performance. The definition explains knowledge management as a combination of processes that are performed on knowledge. These processes are â€Å"exploration†, â€Å"exploitation† and â€Å"sharing†. ... With this description the ever growing meanings of knowledge management cannot be justified. This definition categorically covers the aspects related to technology and cultural environments. The main purpose of the whole exercise indicated in this definition is to improve the organization’s working in terms of intellect. The most useful characteristic narrated in this definition is â€Å"effective learning†. For learning to be effective it needs some scope or domain in which it can be exercised. Generally there is no such thing as ineffective learning. The definition highlights the relevance learning and its respective domain. Definition 3: â€Å"Knowledge – the insights, understandings, and practical know-how that we all possess – is the fundamental resource that allows us to function intelligently. Over time, considerable knowledge is also transformed to other manifestations – such as books, technology, practices, and traditions, - within organis ations of all kinds and in society in general. These transformations result in cumulated expertise and, when used appropriately, increased effectiveness.† (Wiig, 1993) Evaluation: The definition proclaims that the basic entity that works behind intelligence is knowledge. This declaration may refer to the logical exploitation of knowledge as â€Å"intelligence†. Seemingly the words may hold broader sense than expected. The term â€Å"traditions† takes this definition very close to the real life phenomena. The assertion can be seen through the usage of term like â€Å"society†. Books, technology, practices and traditions are considered as varieties of appearances of knowledge. In my view these may also be considered as means or medium of knowledge transfer and usage. Knowledge encompasses both i.e. individual and

Importance of Financial Information to Stakeholders

Importance of Financial Information to Stakeholders Financial information contain in annual reports that the companies are published in periodically. That period is identified as reporting period. Company obligates to provide financial information to their various stakeholders during the past reporting period. Annual report is a report the company report their comprehensive transactions and events to publish and provide for required parties. There are few reasons to publish annual reports by companies generally as follows. Because companies have legal obligation between companies and the government act implemented for companies is known as company act 2007 No 7. The company acts section 150, 151, 152 and 153 has mention the obligation to prepare financial statements, content and form of financial statements, obligation to prepare group financial statements and content and form of group financial statements accordingly. Stakeholders of the company require the financial information for following reasons. To know how well the company is doing. To find company has earned more money than they spent. To get an idea about strategic and tactical plans of the management. To provide information to make decisions who make decisions about organisatoin. Avoid dissimulations and corruptions of the organisation. Through the audit process, organisations will be able to identify weaknesses of their control of procedures and corruptions occurred due to them. To obtain and fulfill the financial requirements from monitory markets via financial equipments such as shares, debentures, bank loans and etc. 1.1. Importance of Financial Information to Stakeholders However the financial information require by stakeholders of the organisation. Stakeholder of the organisation can divide into two. The bellow chart represents the stakeholders of the organisation according to the environment they belongs to. Stakeholders of the Organisation External stakeholders a). Suppliers and Trade creditors b). Government c). Consumers d). Public e). Medias Internal Stakeholders a).Directors Managers b). Shareholders c). Employees (Diagram 01) Above chart shows the deviation of stakeholders of the organisation and they require financial information due to various purposes. 1.1.1. Directors and Managers To make decisions about the organisation in different time and in different level. Directors and managers of the organisation are taking different types of decisions as follows. About new investment and project appreciation decision. About continued and discontinued operations. Dividend decisions. Diversified business decision. Winding up decision. To establish overall objectives and periodical targets. To avoid dissimulations and corruptions. To establish squired systems and strengthens control of procedures. To increase the productivity level of the organisation. 1.1.2. Shareholders To determine whether their investment will be sold, Holt or bought more shares of the organization. To decided the fairness of the returned for their investments. To determine the going concern of the organisation. To obtain wide knowledge about the organizational activities. To compare their investments and their benefits with other competitive organizations and industries. 1.1.3. Employees To know about the stability and profitability of the employer. To know about remuneration, retirement benefits, and employment opportunities are in organisation To ensure the job security with the current employer. To ensure the fairness of the salaries and wages they obtain from the organization according to their earnings. To have a clear view about other operations of the organisation. 1.1.4. Suppliers To ensure their payments of supplies will be received on due. To ensure the stability of their customers. To have knowledge about other products and their suppliers of the organisation. To compare their transaction with existing and other companies To find other competitive suppliers and their contribution towards the organisation. To find opportunities to supply more. 1.1.5. Government To collect accurate taxes and amounts from organizations on due dates. To provide government benefaction to improve their business. To obtain financial and non-financial assistance for government development projects. To ensure the organizations oversee their employees in reasonable way. To ensure the organizations compliance with government rules, regulations and acts that established by the government. 1.1.6. Consumers To have knowledge about the cost structure of the products that the organisation is producing. To ensure the stability of the organisation. To know about the organizations profitability, because profitability is a shed light to know about products impossible growth, improvements, best customer service and low price strategic implications. To know about CSR programs conducted by the organisation. 1.1.7. Public To conscious about organizations substantial contribution towards the society. To know about the opportunities to link with the organisation. To know about CSR contribution towards the country. To conscious their activities which can be affected to interest of the nature and the country. 2. Standards requirement for published Financial Statements The entire organizations specially registered in Sri Lanka need to prepare their financial statements according to the requirements of the accounting standard issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Sri Lanka (ICASL). ICASL is responsible for prepare and issue all accounting standard which are relative and necessary to prepare financial statements. The entire organizations need to be adopted and compliance with the accounting standard which issued by the ICASL and need to mentioned under the notes to the financial statements of their annual report. This note can identify as Note of Compliance. As an example Richard Pearis PLC has mentioned their note of compliance as follows. The Financial Statements of the Company and the Group, comprising the Balance Sheet, Income Statement, Statement of Changes in Equity, the Cash Flow Statement, Accounting Policies and Notes to the Financial Statements are prepared on the basis of the historical cost conventions, and in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and Accounting Standards laid down by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Sri Lanka. These principles and standards have been applied consistently with that of the previous year. No adjustments are made for inflationary factors affecting these Financial Statements. There is a list of accounting standards. Its consisting with 28 LKASs and 8 SLFRSs. (See appendix 01). 2.1. LKAS 8: Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors As per the requirement of LKAS 8 all of the companies need to mention their accounting policies estimates that they have used to prepare their financial statements during the reporting period. Because due to the change of any policy of the company will be affected retrospectively and caused to restated of comparative information unless it is impracticable to do so. Appendix 02 represents significant accounting policies and estimates that use by Richard Pearis PLC. 2.2. SLFRS 8: Operating Segments As per the above standard company may have some operating segments. Operating segment can define as follows; Operating segment is a component of an entity, It may earns revenue and incur expenses to the organisation, Operating results are revived by board of directors and Discrete financial information is available. Bellow table shows the segmental operations of Richard Pearis PLC. (Table 01) (Richard Pearis PLC, (2012). Financial Statements In: (ed), Arpico Annual Report. 2012: Sri Lanka pp.41.) 2.3. LKAS 34: Interim Financial Reporting. LKAS 34 requires preparing interim financial reports due to timely and reliable interim financial reporting improves the ability of investors, creditors, and other to understand an enterprises capacity to generate earnings and cash flows and its financial conditions and liquidity. Richard Pearis PLC prepares their interim financial reports according to the following financial colander. 2.4. SLFRS 4: Insurance Contracts This standard is applied virtually all insurance contracts that an entity issues and to reinsurance contracts that it hold. This is not applied to other assets and liabilities such as covering under the scope of LKAS 39 financial instruments recognition and measurement. Therefore company need to disclosure following information as requirement of this standard. Accounting policies for insurance contracts and related assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The recognized assets, liabilities, income, expenses and cash flows arising from insurance contracts. If the insurer is a cedant, certain additional disclosures are required. Information about assumptions that have the greatest effect on the measurement of assets, liabilities, income and expenses including, if practicable, quantified disclosures of those assumptions. The effect of changes of assumptions. Reconciliations of changes in insurance liabilities, reinsurance assets and if any related deferred acquisition cost. 2.5. SLFRS 6: Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources Under this standard affected activities such as; The search for mineral , Determination of the technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting those resources. Following are specially excluded from the scope of the SLFRS 6; Expenditures incurred before the entity has obtained legal rights to explore in a specific area and Expenditure incurred after the technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting a mineral resource are demonstrable. The accounting policy that entity can apply for mineral resources are; All expenditures related to exploration and evaluation assets need to incur to profit and loss and first recognition of the asset required to measure at cost, subsequently whether cost or revaluation model. Exploration and evaluation assets need represent in balance sheet, if its satisfy LKAS 16 requirements under property plants and equipments or if its satisfy LKAS 38 requirements under intangible assets. 2.6. LKAS 16: Property Plant and Equipments Property, Plants and Equipments (PPE) are tangible items that; Are held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, for rental to others, or for administrative purposes and Are expected to be use during more than one accounting period. (Mapitiya, (2011). Definitions of Standard In: Gayan (ed), LKAS 16 Property plant and Equipment. 1st ed. 2011: Sri Lanka pp.4.) The cost of assets of an item of PPE shall be recognized as assets if and only if; It is probable that future economic benefits generate with the item will flow to the entity. The cost of the item can be measured reliably. All property, plant and equipments require to represent in balance sheet under non-current assets and need to be valued whether cost or revaluation model. Every property, plant and equipment need depreciate. Depreciation can define as systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an asset over its useful life. Depreciable Amount = Cost-Residual Value Useful life of the asset is the period the entity is expected to use. It will be vary from each and every asset. Company can use different types of depreciation methods that mentioned in the standard. They are; Straight line method. Reducing Balance method. Units of production method. 2.7. LKAS 38: Intangible Assets Intangible Assets are that identifiable non-monitory assets without any physical substance. (Jayasigha, (2011). Intangibla Assets In: Dimuthu (ed), LKAS 38. 1st ed. 2011: Sri Lanka pp.2.) There are three critical features of intangible assets. They are